What is BGP? The Internet's Routing Protocol Explained
Learn how the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routes traffic across the internet, connecting thousands of networks into a single global system.
What is an Autonomous System (AS)?
Understand what autonomous systems are, how AS numbers work, and why they are fundamental to how the internet routes traffic between networks.
What is a BGP Looking Glass?
Learn what a BGP looking glass is, how it works, and how network engineers use it to troubleshoot routing issues and verify BGP announcements.
How to Look Up an IP Address's BGP Route
Step-by-step guide to looking up the BGP route for any IP address, understanding the results, and what origin AS, AS paths, and prefixes mean.
Understanding BGP AS Paths
Learn how to read BGP AS paths, understand path selection, AS path prepending, and what the sequence of AS numbers in a route means.
What is RPKI? Securing BGP Routing
Learn how RPKI (Resource Public Key Infrastructure) secures internet routing by allowing networks to verify the legitimacy of BGP route announcements.
What is DNS? The Internet's Phone Book
Learn how the Domain Name System translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses, enabling you to browse the web without memorizing numbers.
What is an IP Address?
Understand what IP addresses are, how they identify devices on the internet, and the difference between public and private addresses.
IPv4 vs IPv6: What's the Difference?
Compare IPv4 and IPv6 — address formats, capacity, adoption status, and why the transition to IPv6 matters for the future of the internet.
What is a Network Prefix (CIDR)?
Learn what IP prefixes are, how CIDR notation works, and why prefix length matters for BGP routing and IP address allocation.
What is an Internet Exchange Point (IXP)?
Learn what Internet Exchange Points are, how they work, and why they are critical infrastructure for reducing latency and interconnection costs.
What is Peering? How Networks Interconnect
Understand BGP peering and transit — how networks interconnect, the difference between settlement-free peering and paid transit, and how this shapes internet routing.
How Does Traceroute Work?
Learn how traceroute maps the network path between your computer and a destination, using TTL values to discover each router hop along the way.
What is a CDN? Content Delivery Networks Explained
Learn how Content Delivery Networks use globally distributed servers and BGP anycast to deliver web content with low latency from locations near you.
What is DNS over HTTPS (DoH)?
Learn how DNS over HTTPS encrypts your DNS queries to protect privacy, how it works, and what it means for internet security.
What is a BGP Hijack?
Learn how BGP hijacking works, how attackers reroute internet traffic by announcing false routes, and how RPKI and monitoring help defend against it.
What are TLDs? Top-Level Domains Explained
Learn what top-level domains (TLDs) are, how the DNS hierarchy works, and the role of root servers in resolving every domain on the internet.
What is Anycast? One IP, Many Servers
Learn how anycast routing lets multiple servers share a single IP address, enabling low-latency and resilient services like DNS and CDNs.
What is a Subnet? IP Subnetting Explained
Learn how IP subnetting divides networks into smaller segments, how CIDR notation works, and why subnetting matters for routing and security.